M Tech GIS Applications Syllabus Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India

M.Tech. GIS Applications

through CBCS


[From 2006– 2007 onwards]












Regulations and Syllabus













DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY

BHARATHIDASAN UNIVERSITY

Tiruchirappalli

August 14, 2006





REGULATIONS

COURSE

M.Tech GIS Applications is an autonomous course through Choice Based Credit System [CBCS] conducted by the Department of Geography, Bharathidasan University. During the course of study, the candidates will have an opportunity for a strong exposure to the fundamental concepts in GIS and also to the advanced level of applications in the fields of land and water resources.

ELIGIBILITY
A candidate who has passed the M.Sc, degree examinations in Geography or Applied Geography of this University or an examination of some other university accepted by the syndicate of this University as equivalent are eligible for admission in the M. Tech GIS Applications course. Admission for the course will be based on the aggregated average of the performance of the candidate in M.Sc, Geography examination and also in the entrance examination to be conducted by the Department.

DURATION OF THE COURSE

Total duration of the course: Two academic years.
Number of semester in each academic year: Two
Odd semester: July – November
Even semester: December - April

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION

Examination will be conduced at the end of each semester. A candidate who fails in a paper or papers can reappear for the same in the subsequent semesters. A candidate failing in the dissertation shall be required to resubmit his work within the next semester. The following table gives a detailed account of the scheme of papers.

PASSING MINIMUM OF MARKS

A candidate has to secure not less than 45 per cent of the marks in the University external examination and 50 per cent of the marks in the aggregate of the marks secured in the internal assessment (IE) and the University examination (UE) in each of the papers including practical. Out of 100 marks in each paper, except Dissertation which carries, 100 marks, a candidate has to secure 40 per cent of marks in Internal Assessment and 60 per cent in the University examinations.

CLASSIFICATION OF SUCCESSFUL CANDIDATES

Candidates who secure not less than 50 per cent of the aggregate marks in the whole examination shall be declared to have passed in the examination. Candidates who secure not less than 60 per cent of the aggregate marks in the whole examination shall be declared to have passed the examination in first class. All other successful candidates shall be declared to has passed in the second class. Candidates who obtain 75% of the marks in the aggregate shall be declared to have passed the examination in first class with distinction provided that they pass all the examination prescribed for the course at the first appearance.

PATTERN OF QUESTION PAPER

The question paper in each the paper would comprise of Part A, Part B and Part C. In Part A the students have to answer 10 questions [10 X 2 = 20 marks]. In Part B, there will be 6 questions out of which 4 questions have to be answered (4 X 4 = 16 marks). In Part C, two out of three questions have to be answered (2 X 12=24 marks)

STATEMENT OF MARKS AND PROVISIONAL DEGREE CERTIFICATE
The final consolidated statement of marks and provisional degree certificate will be signed and issued by the Controller of Examinations, Bharathidasan University.

CONFERMENT OF THE DEGREE
A candidate shall be eligible for the conferment of the degree after he /she has passed all the examinations prescribed including the practical dissertation.

REVISION OF RUGULATION AND SYLLABUS

The Department Committee may from time to time scrutinize and change the regulations and the syllabus as and when necessary.







M Tech GIS Applications
Syllabus
[For the candidate admitted from the academic year
2006 - 2007 onwards]

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Semester Title of the Instruc Exami- Marks
Course tion nation Credit Inter- Exter- Total
Hrs/week Hrs nal nal
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Semester I

Core

1.1 Principles of Aerial Remote
Sensing 4 3 4 40 60 100
1.2 Principles of Satellite
Remote Sensing 4 3 4 40 60 100
1.3 Principles of Digital Image
Processing 4 3 4 40 60 100
1.4 Principles of GIS 4 3 4 40 60 100

Elective

1.5 Practical I 5 3 3 40 60 100
Basics of Aerial and Satellite
Images
1.6 Practical II 5 3 3 40 60 100
Digital Image Processing

ED

1.7 C Programming 4 3 3 40 60 100

Semester II

Core

2.1 Photogrammetry 4 3 4 40 60 100
2.2 Remote Sensing Applications 4 3 4 40 60 100
2.3 Principles of GPS 4 3 4 40 60 100
2.4 GIS Project Task 4 3 3 40 60 100
2.5 Spatial Modeling & Analysis 4 3 4 40 60 100











Elective

2.6 Practical III 5 3 3 40 60 100
Remote Sensing Applications


Lab

2.7 Practical IV GIS and Data
Analysis 5 3 3 40 60 100

Semester III

Core


3.1 Concepts and Application in 4 3 4 40 60 100
Geodata base
3.2 GPS and GIS Integration
and Application 4 3 4 40 60 100
3.3 GIS Applications in Natural
Resources Management 4 3 4 40 60 100
3.4 GIS Applications for Disaster
Management 4 3 4 40 60 100
3.5 Internet GIS 4 3 4 40 60 100

Elective

3.6 Field Survey and 5 3 3 40 60 100
GIS GPS Integration
Lab

3.7 Practical IV 5 3 3 40 60 100
Customization in GIS

4.0 Fourth Semester Project 14
60 marks for dissertation
40 marks for viva 100
The project viva and evaluation will be
done by external and internal examiners.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 90 2200
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------










1.1 PRINCIPLES OF AERIAL REMOTE SENSING

1 History of Aerial Photography: Historical development of aerial remote sensing before and after 1900 - EMR, photographic bands, principles of photography.

2 Types of Photographs: Based on camera axis, (vertical, oblique), angle of coverage, lens (single, double, triple, four five and nine lens) and spectral characteristics (ultra-violet, orthochrome, panchromatic, black and white infra-red, colour, colour infrared), negative (glass plate, film), reseau photograph, (plain and reseau) and multiband photographs.

3 Elements of Photograph: Marginal Information - scale of vertical photo, determination of scale, scale distortion – relief displacement - tilted photographs - comparison of maps and aerial photographs – photo interpretation elements.

4 Aerial Cameras: Simple camera and lens formulae - parts of aerial camera: lens cone assembly: filter, lens, shutter and diaphragm - camera coverage – camera body: camera cone: spider, fiducial mark, advancing film, flattening the film, cocking and tripping the shutter, focal plane, magazine: film advancing and flattening mechanism

5 Stereoscopic Viewing: Anatomy of the human eye - monoscopy, psuedoscopy and stereoscopy - depth perception - stereoscopic depth perception - stereo model.

REFERENCES

1. American Society of Photogrammetry, (1983). Manual of Remote Sensing, (2nd edition), ASP, Falls Church, Virginia

2. Lillisand.T.M, and Kiefer, P.W., (1998). Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, John Wiley & Sons, New York.

3. Moffit, H.F., and Edward, M.M., (1980). Photogrammetry, Harperand Row Publishers, New York.

4. Wolf.P.R.,(1974).Elements of photogrammetry, McGraw Hill books Co., London.













1.2 SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING

1. Fundamentals: Definition – Scope – types- chronological development – Energy sources – Electro Magnetic Radiation – energy interaction in the atmosphere – atmospheric windows – energy interaction with earth surface features – spectral reflectance patterns for different regions of EMR. Factors affecting remote sensing signatures – Platforms – data capture types and systems – data recording method.

2. Remote Sensors: Electro-optical sensor systems – LANDSAT, SPOT, IRS and IKONOS satellite – scanning and orbiting mechanisms – Resolution: spatial, spectral, radiometric and temporal resolution of the satellites – multi concepts in remote sensing.

3. Geostationary Satellites and Data Products - Satellite programs of the world - geostationary satellites and Data Products – orbit system – sensor characteristics - meteorological, ocean monitoring and telecommunication satellites. Applications – Ground truth data collection – Satellite data types. Satellite Data Products: Types – visual and digital - standard – special products – referencing system – annotation – image interpretation elements. Ideal and real remote sensing system. Comparison of aerial remote sensing and satellite remote sensing – advantages and limitations of satellite remote sensing. Remote Sensing centers and its activities.

4. Thermal Remote Sensing: Radiant flux – heat transfer – thermal infrared radiation – thermal properties of materials – emissivity of materials – thermal inertia of Earth surface features. Thermal IR detection and imaging – characteristics of TIR images. Factors controlling IR Survey – applications.

5. Radar Remote System: Meaning – aircraft radar system – SLAR – components, imaging system, wavelengths – range and azimuth resolution – real aperture and synthetic aperture systems. Satellite Radar system: Seasat SIR radar return and image signatures – geometry of radar Images - mosaics. Image characteristics: Polarization, look direction and image irregularity – radar image interpretation, interferomtery applications.

REFERENCES

1. Curran P.J (1985) Principles of Remote Sensing, Longman, Essek.

2. Lillisand T.M and R.W.Kiefer (1994) 3rd edition.Remote sensing and image interpretation, John Wiley & Sons, New York.

3. Sabins F.F Jr.(1987) Remote Sensing: Principles and Interpretation, W.H.Freeman & Co., New York.

4. Alexey Bunkin and Konstantin Voliak, Laser Remote Sensing of the Ocean, John Wiley and Sons. 2001, Canada.

5. Gibso, P., and Clare H.Power, [2000] Introductory Remote Sensing Principles and concepts, Routledge, 1st edition, London.

6. Hayesm L., [1991] Introduction to Remote Sensing, Taylor and Fransis Publication, London.

7. Henderson, F. M., and Anthony J. Lewis, 1998, Manual of Remote Sensing, Volume 2, Principles and Application of Imaging Radar, 3rd Edition, John Wiley and Sonc Inc, Canada, USA.
















































1.3 PRINCIPLES OF DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING


1. Principles: Data encoding and decoding - digital image formats - band sequential and band interleaved - characteristic features. software - raster and vector files

2. Image Rectification and Restoration: geometric correction, radiometric correction - noise removal - image enhancement: contrast manipulation - graylevel threshold, level slicing, and contrast stretching.

3. Spatial Feature Manipulation: spatial filtering - convolution - edge enhancement - fourier analysis. multi image manipulation: spectral rating - principles and cannel components - vegetation components - intensity - hue - saturation colour space transformation. Pattern Resolution: concepts - linear and non- linear discriminate function.

4. Supervised classification - classification stage - minimum distance to Means classifier - parallelepiped classifier - Gauss maximum likelihood classifier - training stage - Unsupervised classification - output stage - post classification smoothing - classification accuracy assessment.

REFERENCES

1. American Society of Photogrammetry, (1983). Manual of Remote Sensing, (2nd edition), ASP, Falls Church, Virginia

2. Lillisand.T.M, and Kiefer, P.W., (1998). Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, John Wiley & Sons, New York.

3. Moffit, H.F., and Edward, M.M., (1980). Photogrammetry, Harperand Row Publishers, New York.

4. Wolf.P.R,(1974).Elements of photogrammetry, McGraw Hill books Co., London.

5. Ground Truth collection - Training stage - Merging with GIS.

















1.4 PRINCIPLES OF GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM


1. Introducing GIS and spatial data: Definition - maps and spatial information -computer assisted mapping and map analysis - components of GIS - people and GIS - maps and spatial data - thematic characteristics of spatial data - other sources of spatial data: census, survey data, air photos, satellite images, field data.

2. Spatial and attributes data modeling and Management: Data quality and data standards: Concepts - Definition - Components and assessment of data quality: Spatial entities - generalization - Raster and Vector spatial data structures - comparison of Vector and Raster Methods - Acquisition of spatial data for terrain modeling - Raster and Vector approach to digital terrain modeling - modeling network - layered approach and object - oriented approach - modeling third and fourth dimension - problem of data management - database management system - relational database model - liking spatial and attribute data - GIS database application and development.

3. Data Input and Editing: Integrated GIS database - Encoding methods of data input: keyboard, manual digitizing scanning and automatic digitizing methods, electronic data transfer - data editing: methods of developing and correcting errors in attributes and spatial data: reproduction, transformation and generalization - edge matching and rubber sheeting - integrated database.

4. Data Analyzing Operation in GIS: Terminologies - Measurements of lengths, peimeter and area in GIS - queries - reclassification - buffering and neighborhood functions - integrated data - Raster and Vector overlay method: point-in-polygon, line-in-polygon and polygon- on-polygon - problems of Raster and Vector overlays - spatial interpolation - GIS for surface analysis - network analysis: shortest path problem, travailing problem, location allocation of resources - route tracing.

5. GIS Modeling for decision support: Models of spatial processes: natural and scale analogue models - conceptual models - mathematical model - models of physical and environmental processes - modeling human process - gravity model - problems related to using GIS to model spatial processes. Maps as output - alternative cartographic outputs - non-cartographic outputs - spatial multimedia - delivery mechanism - GIS and spatial decision supports - maps as decision tools.


REFERENCES

1. Haywood.L, Comelius.S and S. Carver (1988) An Introduction to Geographical Information Systems, Addison Wiley Longmont, New York.

2. Burgh P.A (1986) Principles of geographical Information System for Land Resources Assessment, Clarendon Press, Oxford.

3. Burrough P A 2000 P A McDonnell [2000] Principles of Geographical Information systems, London: Oxford University Press.

4. Lo.C.P., Yeung. K.W. Albert (2002) Concepts And Techniques of Geographic Information Systems, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt ltd, New Delhi

















































Elective

1.5 PRACTICAL I – BASICS OF AERIAL AND SATELLITE IMAGES

Stereoscopic vision test using Carl Zeiss Plate
1 Familiarization with pocket, mirror and prism stereoscopes.
2 Marginal Information of aerial photograph
3 Orientation of stereo model and marking principle point, fiducial axes and flight line.
4 Computing photo scale using known objects.
5 Computing photo scale using a map of known scale.
6 Computing photo scale using focal length and altitude.
7 Height measurement
(i) Monoscopic measurement
(ii) Stereoscopic measurement
8 Slope measurement
9 Referencing system of various resource satellite images
10 Familiarization and interpretation of Large Format Optical Enlarger
11 Familiarization and interpretation of Procom II
12 Familiarization and interpretation of Spectral Radiometer
13 Marginal information of satellites images
14 Constructing spectral reflectance curves.
15 Interpretation of Thermal images
16 Interpretation of Radar Images.

REFERENCES

1. American Society of Photogrammetry, (1983). Manual of Remote Sensing, (2nd edition), ASP, Falls Church, Virginia

2. Lillisand.T.M, and Kiefer, P.W., (1998). Remote Sensing And Image Interpretation, John Wiley & Sons, New York.

3. Moffit, H.F., and Edward, M.M., (1980). Photogrammetry, Harperand Row Publishers, New York.

4. Wolf.P.R.,(1974).Elements of Photogrammetry, McGraw Hill books Co., London.

5. Narayan L R A [2001] Remote Sensing and its Applications. Hyderabad: University Press.

6. Nayar, N B [1996] Encyclopedia: Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing. Jaipur: Rawat Publications









Lab

1.6 PRACTICAL-II DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING


1 Seaniming, transformation, georeferences
2 Digitizations of spatial entitities
3 Editing, creation of error free map.
4 Geo-coding and geo-referencing
5 Map layers: Vector and Raster layers and Online digital image interpretation’
6 Information mapping and thematic mapping
7 Histogram construction for digital data
8 Outputs of linear and non-linear stretch
9 Filtered outputs
10 Ratio images
11 Change detection analysis
12 Image classification based on digital values
13 Unsupervised classification
14 Supervised classification
15 The concept of TIN
16 Construction of DTM and DEM

REFERENCES

1. American Society of Photogrammetry, (1983). Manual of Remote Sensing, (2nd edition), ASP, Falls Church, Virginia

2. Lillisand.T.M, and Kiefer, P.W., (1998). Remote Sensing And Image Interpretation, John Wiley & Sons, New York.

3. Moffit, H.F., and Edward, M.M., (1980). Photogrammetry, Harperand Row Publishers, New York.

4. Wolf.P.R.,(1974).Elements of Photogrammetry, McGraw Hill books Co., London.Gibbson, R J and Clare H Pomer [2000] Introductory Remote Sensing and digital Image Processing and applications. New York: Rontledge.

5. John, J R [1986] Digital Image Processing. New Jersy: Prentice-Hall.

6. Wolf, R [1974] Elements of Photogrammetry. London: Mc-Graw Hill Book Co.

7. John, R A and Jia Xinping [1999] Remote sensing Digital Analysis – An Introduction.Newyork: Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

URLS

http://www.wiley.com/college
http://www.wiley.com/college/mikhail
http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~jcm/book
http://www.spinger.de.


1.7 EXTRA DISCIPLINARY PAPER

C PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL METHODS & PRACTICALS

Overview of C – Constants, Variables and Data Types – Operators and Expression
Managing I/O Operators – Decision Making and Branching
Decision Making and Looping – Arrays
User-Defined functions – Structures and Unions
Pointers – File Management

LIST OF PRACTICALS

1. Fixed point iteration
2. Newton-Raphson method
3. Lagrange interpolation
4. Newton’s forward and backward difference formula
5. Gauss elimination method
6. Gauss-Seidel method
7. Trapezoidal rule
8. Simpson’s 1/3 rule
9. Euler’s method
10. Runge-Kutta method for second and fourth order
11. Standard deviation
12. Correlation coefficient
13. Straight line fit by method of least squares.

TEXT BOOK(S)

E. Balagurusamy, Programming in ANSI C Second Ed., TMH, New Delhi, 1989.
UNIT – I -Chapters 1, 2 and 3
UNIT – II -Chapters 4 and 5
UNIT – III -Chapters 6 and 7
UNIT – IV -Chapters 9 and 10
UNIT – V -Chapters 11 and 12

REFERENCES

1. Peter A. Darnel and Philip E. Margolis, C : Software Engineering Approach, Narosa Publishing House (Springer International Student Edition, 1993).
2. Samuel P. Harkisonand Gly L. Steele Jr., C: A Reference Manual, 2nd Edn. Prentice Hall of India, 1984.
3. Brain W. Kernighan and Dennis M. Ritchie, A C Program Language, 2nd Edition (ANSI Features), Prentice Hall, 1989.









3.1 PRINCIPLES OF GEODATA BASE

1. Introduction to DBMS – Brief history – types of DBMS – data models – ER model: concepts – design. GIS data model: Conceptualizing the real world in GIS.

2. Relational Data Base Management Systems: Concepts – Constrains – Relational Data base Design – Relational Models Extended with ADT. SQL – simple – complex –spatial join.

3. Representation of Spatial Objects: Geographic space modeling – Representation Modes – Representing the Geometry of a Collection of objects – Spatial data formats and Exchange formats – Spatial Abstract data Types. – Object Oriented GIS

4. Geodata Base: Arc Geodatabase – topology – defining the relationship class – geometric networks – Geocoding services – Building geodatabases with CASE tools

5. Emerging Trends: Data Mining: concepts – application of data mining, Data Warehousing: Characteristics of Data Ware house – applications, Intelligence Decision making: Artificial Intelligence, Decision support system, Expert system – components – design – applications.

REFERENCES:

1. Korth and Silberschatz (2002) Database System Concepts - McGraw - Hill Book Company

2. Rigaux, P., Scholl, M., Voisard, A. (2002). Spatial Applications - with Application to GIS, Morgan Kaufmann

3. Ramiz Elmarsi & Shenkant B – Navatha (2002) “Fundamentals of Database System” 3rd Edition, Pearson Education: New Delhi.

4. Buliding Geodata Base (2002) GIS by ESRI publication, USA

5. Thomas Ott, Frank Swiaczny (2000) Time-Integrative Geographic Information Systems, Springer














3.2 GIS and GPS Integration and Applications

1. Introduction - Overview of GIS and GPS Technologies, Early methods of Integration, Advantages and Application Potential.

2. GIS/GPS Integration Techniques - Data focused Integration, Position focused Integration, Technology focused Integration

3. Methods of Integration - NAME, Binery, Technology Convergence for Data use - Active X, Hardware and Software platforms, GPS/GIS Integration procedures.

4. GPS Applications - Uses of GPS - Location, Navigation, Tracking, Mapping and Timing - Land, Areal, Marine, space and military uses.

5. Trends in GPS Applications - Future uses of GPS - Position information society, consumer based GPS Products; Misuses of GPS: Types Intelligence collection, Argumentation of Existing weapon system, Integration into ballistic missile systems, Integration into cruise missile systems.

REFERENCE:

1. Ganesh. A, Dimensions of Geomaties, 2006, Tiruchirappalli: Bharathidasan University.

2. Ganesh. A, and Narayanakumar. R, 2006, GPS Principles and Applications. Satish serial Publishing House, Delhi

























3.3 Applications of GIS in Natural Resources Management

1. Natural Resources Evaluation: Need – objectives – source of data – limitations – need for evaluation in development planning

2. Land Evaluation: Objectives – principles – procedures – approaches – land use requirements and land quality parameters – layer creation – matching – classification – case studies.

3. Wastelands: Types - identification - NRSA Classification– types - layer creation management – case studies - eroded lands.

4. Water Resources: Surface water: precipitation – space time analysis – overland flow – water balance – groundwater: potential – quality – layer creation – overlay analysis – integrated watershed development – case studies.

5. Natural Vegetation: Forests – types classification - layer creation – overlay – forest management – case studies.

REFERENCES

1. Burrough, P.A. 1986. Principles of Geographic Information Systems for Land Resources Assessment. Walton Street, Oxford OX26DP, Oxford University Press.

2. Fischer, M., H.J. Scholten, and D. Unwin, 1996. Spatial Analytical Perspectives on GIS, Taylor & Francis, London, UK.

3. Fotheringham, S., and P. Rogerson, Ed. 1995. Spatial Analysis and GIS, Taylor & Francis, London, UK.

4. Heit, Michael, H. Dennison Parker, and Art Shortreid (eds.), 1996. GIS Applications in Natural Resources 2, GIS World, Inc., Fort Collins, Colorado, 540p.

5. Michael F. Goodchild, Louis T. Steyaert, Bradley O. Parks, 1996. GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues. Fort Collins, CO 80525: GIS World Inc. Available at the Evans Library reserve desk.

6. Ripple, William J. (ed.). 1994. The GIS Applications Book: Examples in Natural Resources: A Compendium, American Society for Photogrametry and Remote Sensing, Bethesda, Maryland.

7. Young, Haines, David Green, and Steven Cousins (eds.), 1994. Landscape Ecology and GIS, Taylor & Francis, Bristol, P.A.

8. Skidmore Andrew, 2002. Environmental Modeling With GIS and Remote Sensing, Taylor & Francis, London.




On-line journals:

http://camfer.CNR.Berkeley.EDU/monitoring/- go to "Workgroup Resources", and "Publications".
http:://www.gisdevelopment.net
Links:
ESPM 275 class Schedule
UC Berkeley Academic Calendar
CAMFER
Monitoring Landscape Change Workgroup











































3.4 GIS for Disaster Management

1. Earthquake, Volcano and landslide: Meaning and types of disasters earthquakes – volcanoes – landslides – selection of variables – creation of layers – space-time analysis – GIS for management plans – case studies.

2. Cyclones and Flooding: Cyclone: cyclone related parameters and effects on land and sea – damage assessment. Flooding: topography, land use and flooding – urban floods - Space-time integration – GIS based parameters and layers – flood prone area analysis and management – risk assessment – case studies for cyclones and floods.

3. Drought and Desertification: Types of droughts – factors influencing droughts – variable identification – vegetation index – land use /ground water level changes – delimiting drought prone areas – processes of desertification – over utilization of water and land resources - layer creation – GIS based management strategies – case studies.

4. Anthropogenic Disasters: Atmospheric Disasters : Ozone layer depletion – green house / global warming – acid rain – snow melt – sea level rise – related problems layer creation – case studies. Marine Disasters: oil spill and chemical pollution – coastal erosion and deposition – variable identification – overlays – analysis / management strategies – case studies.

5. GIS in Biodiversity Disasters: Ecological degradation – nuclear disaster and bio-diversity loss – parameters (mapping of forest types, protected areas and natural forests) – plant species - extinction – soil erosion – coral / mangrove depletion – forest fire-mining – overlay analysis – GIS in environmental modeling – case studies.

REFERENCES:

1. Korte, G. B., (2001) the GIS book: 5th edition, Onward Press, Australia.

2. Anji Reddy, M., (2001) Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems., 2nd edition, Bs.Publications, Hyderabad.

3. Demers, Michael N., (2000) Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems, John Willey and sons. Inc. New York.

4. John A. Matthews (2002) Natural hazards and environmental change, Bill McGuire, Ian Mason.

5. Andrew Skeil (2002) Environmental Modeling with GIS and Remote sensing, John willey and sons, Inc New York.

6. John. G. Lyon (2003) GIS for Water Resource and water Shed Management, Taylor and Francis.





3.5 Internet GIS

1. Introduction: Internet and web GIS - Fundamentals of computer networking – network environment – network communication models – protocols – TCP/IP.

2. Distribution computing – client – server – glue – client/server system partition – layered architecture – advantages and disadvantages of client server architecture. Distributed component framework – web mapping – static and interactive web mapping – open GIS web map server.

3. Distributed geographic information services – principle – components – logic and data components.

4. Geographic markup language - principle – characteristics - commercial web mapping programs - mobile GIS. Distributed GIS in data warehousing and data sharing.

5. Internet GIS Applications transportation, crimes, emergency and crisis, tourism and urban land management.

REFERENCES

1. Korte,G. B., (2001) The GIS book: 5th Edition, Onward press, Australia.

2. Cartwright, W., M.P. Peterson, G. Gartner (Eds) Multimedia Cartography, Berlm: Springer.

3. Kraak,M., and A.Brown (2001) Web Cartography: Development and Prospects, London: Taylor and Francies.

4. Kraak, M. and F. Ormeling (2003) Cartography: Visualization of Geospatial Data, Delhi: Pearson Education.

Web:

www.geography network.com
www.esri.com
www.gpsworld.com
www.trimble.com
www.garmin.com
www.gps_society.org
www.dbartlett.com










3.6 Practical V: Campus Survey and GIS - GPS Integration

1 Campus survey by GPS
2 Software and hardware needs of GPS
3 Collecting ground control points (GCPs)
4 Spatial Entitity with GPS - point, line and polygon
5 Editing points, lines and polygons
6 Exporting to GIS Environs.
7 Geo referencing using waypoints
8 Integrating other GIS layers with GCPs and analysis.
9 GPS with GIS layers - Analysis

REFERENCES:

1. ESRI ArcPad Manual
2. Introduction to GPS - Global Positioning System by Leica.

Websites:
www.geography network.com
www.esri.com
www.gpsworld.com
www.trimble.com
www.garmin.com
www.gps_society.org
www.dbartlett.com
























3.7 Practical – VI Customization in using Visual Basic GIS


1 – Creating and editing the Geodatabase

2 – Visual Basic Application environment

3 - Creating tables in MS – Access

4 – Programming with Objects

5 – Code for making decisions

6 – Making Objects

7 – Adding a layer to a map

8 – Setting layer Symbology

9 – Making dynamic Layouts

10 – Editing tables

REFERENCE:

1) Visual Basic 6 Programming
2) Geodatabase Workbook, GIS by ESRI
3) Getting to know ArcObjects, Programming ArcGIS with VBA (2003), ESRI Press.








IV Semester: Dissertation